satem languages การใช้

• If the labiovelars were just Centum and satem languages : Different realisations.
• See Centum and satem languages : Only two velar series.
• The delabialisation in the satem languages would have occurred later, in a separate stage.
• In satem languages, they remained distinct, and the labiovelars merged with the plain velars.
• Especially notable is the palatalization that produced the satem languages, along with the associated ruki sound law.
• It is strongly linked with Indo-Iranian languages; in particular, it is a satem language.
• In some phonological conditions depalatalization occurred, yielding what appears to be a centum reflex in a satem language.
• Each of the ten branches of the Indo-European family independently developed its status as a centum or satem language.
• They are also known to have spoken centum languages, whereas the " Tukhara " of Bactria spoke a satem language .)
• Dacian is usually considered to have been a northern branch of the Thracian language, and, like Thracian, Dacian was a satem language.
• In the satem languages, the reflexes of the presumed PIE palatovelars are typically fricative or affricate consonants, articulated further forward in the mouth.
• The status of Armenian as a satem language as opposed to a centum language with secondary assibilation rests on the evidence of a very few words.
• The satem languages merged the labiovelars with the plain velar series, while the palatovelars became sibilant fricatives or affricates of various types, depending on the individual language.
• Proto-Iranian was a satem language descended from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, which, in turn, came from the Proto-Indo-European language.
• Another theory is that there may have been only two series ( plain velar and labiovelar ) in PIE, with the palatalized velars arising originally as a conditioned sound change in satem languages.
• Earlier Indo-European phylogenies featured an initial split into Centum and Satem languages, a distinction formally based on the word for the number one hundred in each group's supposed proto-language.
• In the satem languages, it caused a chain shift, and the existing velars ( traditionally " palatovelars " ) were shifted further forward to avoid a merger, becoming palatal : >; >.
• Analogous to the depalatalization of the satem languages, the centum languages show delabialisation of labiovelars when adjacent to * w ( or its allophone * u ), according to a rule known as the bouk髄os rule.
• The phonology of Dacian produced in this way is very different from that of Thracian; the vowel change IE * o > * a recurs and the k-sounds undergo the changes characteristic of the satem languages.
• The substance of Zoller's claims has been rejected by George van Driem and Suhnu Sharma, in publications since 1996, which claim that Zoller's data was flawed and that Bangani is an unambiguously satem language.